How does Vygotsky's theory of cognitive development differ from Piaget's?

• A. Vygotsky focuses on stages of development only
• B. Piaget emphasizes the role of social interactions
• C. Vygotsky considers the social context of learning
• D. Piaget ignores cognitive processes

Answer: (C)

Vygotsky's theory differs from Piaget's primarily in its emphasis on the social context of learning. Vygotsky posited that cognitive development is heavily influenced by social interactions and the cultural environment in which a child is raised. He introduced the concept of the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD), which outlines how learners can achieve higher levels of understanding with the support of more knowledgeable others, such as teachers or peers. This approach highlights the importance of collaborative learning and the role that language and culture play in cognitive development.

In contrast, Piaget proposed a stage theory of cognitive development where children move through a series of predetermined stages focused more on individual exploration and discovery rather than social context. Thus, while both theorists recognized cognitive development, Vygotsky's perspective incorporates the essential role of social interaction and culture that shapes learning experiences.