Which developmental stage is primarily concerned with developing a sense of self and initiative versus guilt?

• A. Concrete Operational Stage
• B. Puberty
• C. Initiative vs. Guilt Stage
• D. Industry vs. Inferiority Stage

Answer: (C)

The correct answer focuses on the Initiative vs. Guilt stage, which is a key component of Erik Erikson's psychosocial development theory. This stage occurs during early childhood, typically between the ages of 3 and 6 years. At this stage, children start to assert control and power over their environment through directing play and other social interactions. A critical aspect of this stage is the development of a sense of initiative—children learn to initiate activities and develop a sense of purpose and leadership.

When children are encouraged and supported in their initiatives, they feel capable and develop a healthy self-esteem. However, if they encounter excessive criticism or control, they may begin to feel guilty about their needs and desires, which can hinder their sense of initiative.

Understanding this stage is essential, as it helps educators and caregivers create supportive environments that promote autonomy and confidence in young children, allowing them to explore and express themselves without fear of negative consequences.