Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of adult learners?

• A. Self-directed learning
• B. Bringing prior experience to the process
• C. Preference for concrete learning situations
• D. Need for external motivation

Answer: (D)

Adult learners are often characterized by their self-directedness, the richness of their prior experiences, and a preference for practical, real-world applications of knowledge. They typically take initiative in their learning processes, seeking out information and resources that align with their personal and professional goals. This independence is a core principle of adult learning theory, emphasizing that adults are more engaged and motivated when they have control over their educational journeys.

Furthermore, adult learners draw upon their life experiences and knowledge to contextualize new information, enhancing their understanding and retention. This ability to relate new learning to existing frameworks fosters deeper comprehension and critical thinking.

Concrete learning situations resonate with adult learners, as they prefer learning that is applicable to their lives and work. Practical examples and hands-on experiences help solidify abstract concepts and make learning more relevant.

In contrast, adult learners typically possess an intrinsic motivation for their educational pursuits. They often have clear personal and professional goals, which drive them more significantly than external motivators. While external factors may influence motivation, it is the internal desires and aspirations that primarily guide adult learning experiences. Thus, the idea that adult learners have a significant need for external motivation doesn’t align with established principles of how adults typically engage with learning.